United States bank holiday
- United States bank holiday
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La United States Bank Holiday (en français « Fermeture des banques des États-Unis ») est un épisode célèbre de la Grande Dépression, qui a constitué l'une des toutes premières mesures du New Deal de Franklin D. Roosevelt.
Dans un contexte de faillites en chaîne des établissements bancaires américains, Roosevelt décida de fermer toutes les banques du pays entre le 6 et le 10 mars 1933 dans le but d'évaluer leur solvabilité, et leur capacité à empêcher la faillite des épargnants. Si les banques passaient avec succès cet examen (c'est-à-dire si leurs réserves propres étaient supérieures à l'ensemble de leurs encours), elles étaient autorisées à rouvrir. Dans le cas contraire, elles devaient rester fermées, ou demander un emprunt à l'état pour éviter la faillite.
C'est dans ce contexte financier difficile que fut signé le Emergency Banking Relief Act.
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