Kushan

Kushan

Kouchans

Les Kouchans, Kouchanes, Kouchan, Kushan ou Kusana, sont un peuple indo-européen, fraction des Yuezhi, qui créa un empire centré autour du Pakistan, de l’Afghanistan et de l’Inde du nord. Celui-ci prospéra entre le Ier siècle et le IIIe siècle de l'ère chrétienne.

Le nom de Kouchan dérive du chinois Guishuang (貴霜) qui décrivait l'une des cinq tribus des Yuezhi (月氏), une confédération peu structurée de peuples indo-européens, qui parlait probablement des versions de la langue tokharienne.

Le souverain kouchan le plus connu est Kanishka Ier, qui régna de 127 à 150 environ et favorisa l’expansion du bouddhisme et, en conséquence, de l'art gréco-bouddhique. Les talibans ont détruit en 2000 sa statue, une pièce unique du musée de Kaboul en Afghanistan.

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